The process of obtaining nickel from waste rock consists in the fact that nickel is first converted into matte in the form of sulfide, and only then pure nickel is isolated from the matte.

It is used in the production of stainless steel, in the manufacture of batteries, as a catalyst for chemical processes, in the production of microchips, electronic components and conductors.

It's physical and chemical properties allow it to be used in the production of various materials, as well as in electrical engineering, chemical industry and metallurgy. One of the important properties of nickel is its ability to form alloys with other metals

It is obtained by metallothermal reduction with calcium or magnesium, followed by purification from impurities, rectification and vacuum distillation.

Production of photocells and photomultipliers, ionizing radiation detectors

White, soft, fusible, reactive, the strongest reducing agent.

IIt is produced as a by-product during the processing of ores of other metals. The main raw materials for gallium production are bauxite, the main aluminum ore, but small amounts are also extracted from zinc sulfide ores.

It is used in electronics, for the manufacture of semiconductors and laser technology, for the manufacture of high-temperature thermometers (up to 1000 °C), as a laser material and substrates for epitaxial films, for the manufacture of fuses for fire-fighting devices.

It is a soft, silvery-white metal that has a low melting point and high ductility.

They are produced by pyrometallurgical-redox roasting of ores or concentrates at 700-800 ° C in fluidized bed furnaces, tubular, muffle furnaces. During firing, mercury contained in the ore in the form of cinnabar is reduced to metal, in a vaporous state it is removed from the recirculation zone with exhaust gases, purified from suspended dust particles in electrostatic precipitators and condensed in condensers.

Mercury is widely used in the manufacture of scientific instruments, in mercury lamps, switches, rectifiers, as a liquid cathode in the production of caustic alkalis and chlorine by electrolysis, as a catalyst in the synthesis of acetic acid, in metallurgy for the amalgamation of gold and silver, in the manufacture of explosives, in medicine, as a pigment, in agriculture as seed protectant and herbicide, as well as as a component of marine vessel paint

It is the only metal in nature that remains liquid at room temperature. Under these conditions, it does not oxidize in air, and it does not dissolve in water or alkalis. It is soluble in cold nitric acid and heated concentrated sulfuric acid. Under normal conditions, it actively evaporates, and the rate of this process is directly proportional to the temperature and surface area of evaporation.